How do you determine the total voltage in a series circuit with multiple power supplies?

In a series circuit, the total voltage is calculated by adding together the voltage outputs of each individual power supply. This is because, in a series configuration, each power supply contributes to the total voltage, and the voltages effectively combine to create a cumulative effect.

If you have power supplies with voltages V1, V2, and Vn, the overall voltage supplied to the circuit is simply the sum of these values, which reflects the principle that in a series circuit, the same current flows through all components and the total voltage drop across the circuit is the sum of the individual voltage drops across each power supply. This principle is fundamental to understanding how series circuits operate in electronic and electrical systems, ensuring that you can properly calculate voltage for various applications.

The other options suggest calculations that do not apply to voltage in series circuits: multiplying or dividing voltages does not represent how they contribute to the total in this configuration, and subtracting voltages does not account for how they add together in series.